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农业废弃物变宝:破碎烘干制粒闭环方案

2025-09-11

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        引言:


田间堆积的秸秆、散落的牧草,或是收割后残留的玉米芯,这些农业废弃物常让农户头疼 —— 随意堆放易霉变污染,焚烧处理又不符合环保要求,放任不管更是浪费资源。其实,借助破碎、烘干、制粒设备的协同运作,这些 “废料” 能轻松变身高价值产品。从破碎环节打破物料结块难题,到烘干环节去除多余水分锁住营养,再到制粒环节将松散物料压制成型,一套完整的处理流程不仅能解决废弃物堆积问题,还能为农户开辟新的收益渠道,让农业生产实现 “废料不废、循环增值”

The accumulation of straw, scattered grass, or leftover corn cobs in the fields often cause headaches for farmers - indiscriminate stacking is prone to mold and pollution, incineration does not meet environmental requirements, and letting it go is a waste of resources. In fact, with the collaborative operation of crushing, drying, and granulation equipment, these "waste materials" can easily be transformed into high-value products. From breaking the problem of material clumping in the crushing process, to removing excess moisture and locking in nutrients in the drying process, to pressing loose materials into shape in the granulation process, a complete set of processing procedures can not only solve the problem of waste accumulation, but also open up new revenue channels for farmers, enabling agricultural production to achieve "no waste, circular value-added".










农业废弃物多存在形态不规则、易结块的问题,比如整捆秸秆韧性强、体积大,直接烘干不仅效率低,还容易出现受热不均的情况。破碎机的核心作用就是将这些 “难缠” 的物料拆解成均匀细碎的状态 —— 通过刀具的剪切、撞击作用,把整根秸秆、成束牧草切成短段或碎末,让物料接触面积大幅增加。某农场曾因秸秆堆积严重,尝试直接烘干却发现耗时久、能耗高,引入破碎机后,破碎后的秸秆进入烘干机,受热更均匀,烘干周期明显缩短,后续处理也更便捷。此外,破碎环节还能去除物料中的杂质,比如秸秆中的泥土、石子,为后续烘干和制粒的产品质量打下基础。


Agricultural waste often has problems with irregular shapes and easy clumping, such as strong toughness and large volume of whole bundles of straw. Direct drying is not only inefficient, but also prone to uneven heating. The core function of a crusher is to break down these "difficult" materials into uniform and fine pieces - through the cutting and impact of the cutting tool, the entire straw or bundle of grass is cut into short sections or crushed, greatly increasing the contact area of the materials. A certain farm once attempted to dry straw directly due to severe accumulation, but found that it took a long time and consumed high energy. After introducing a crusher, the crushed straw was fed into the dryer for more uniform heating, significantly reducing the drying cycle and making subsequent processing more convenient. In addition, the crushing process can also remove impurities from materials, such as soil and stones in straw, laying the foundation for the quality of subsequent drying and granulation products.









破碎后的农业废弃物仍含有大量水分,若不及时处理,很容易再次霉变,导致前期破碎工作白费。烘干环节的关键在于 “精准控湿”—— 通过热风循环或热传导方式,缓慢去除物料中的多余水分,同时避免高温破坏物料的营养成分或纤维结构。比如牧草烘干时,若温度过高,会导致其中的蛋白质流失,影响后续制成饲料的品质;而秸秆烘干则需控制水分至适宜储存的范围,防止结块或腐烂。某牧草种植基地就通过烘干机将破碎后的牧草水分降至安全区间,烘干后的牧草不仅颜色保持翠绿,营养成分损失少,还能长期储存,后续制成青贮饲料时,适口性和营养价值都得到了养殖户的认可。

The broken agricultural waste still contains a large amount of moisture, and if not treated in a timely manner, it is easy to mold again, resulting in the previous crushing work being in vain. The key to the drying process lies in "precise moisture control" - slowly removing excess moisture from the material through hot air circulation or heat conduction, while avoiding high temperature damage to the nutritional content or fiber structure of the material. For example, when drying grass, if the temperature is too high, it can cause protein loss and affect the quality of the subsequent processed feed; Drying straw requires controlling the moisture content to a suitable storage range to prevent clumping or rotting. A certain grass planting base uses a dryer to reduce the moisture content of the crushed grass to a safe range. The dried grass not only maintains a green color with minimal loss of nutrients, but also can be stored for a long time. When later made into silage feed, its palatability and nutritional value have been recognized by farmers.
 








经过破碎和烘干的物料,虽然解决了储存和运输问题,但要实现真正的 “增值”,还需通过制粒机将其压制成型。制粒过程中,机器通过高压将松散的碎料挤压成密度高、形状规则的颗粒,这些颗粒既可以作为生物质燃料,用于锅炉供暖或发电,也可以作为畜禽饲料,满足不同场景的需求。比如秸秆颗粒热值稳定,燃烧时污染小,深受小型工厂青睐;而牧草颗粒则因营养集中、便于投喂,成为规模化养殖场的常用饲料。某合作社将破碎烘干后的玉米芯制成生物质颗粒,不仅解决了玉米芯堆积问题,还通过售卖颗粒获得了额外收益,实现了 “变废为宝” 的闭环。

The broken agricultural waste still contains a large amount of moisture, and if not treated in a timely manner, it is easy to mold again, resulting in the previous crushing work being in vain. The key to the drying process lies in "precise moisture control" - slowly removing excess moisture from the material through hot air circulation or heat conduction, while avoiding high temperature damage to the nutritional content or fiber structure of the material. For example, when drying grass, if the temperature is too high, it can cause protein loss and affect the quality of the subsequent processed feed; Drying straw requires controlling the moisture content to a suitable storage range to prevent clumping or rotting. A certain grass planting base uses a dryer to reduce the moisture content of the crushed grass to a safe range. The dried grass not only maintains a green color with minimal loss of nutrients, but also can be stored for a long time. When later made into silage feed, its palatability and nutritional value have been recognized by farmers.

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